In India, many texts and knowledge systems, called Shastra (=complete).
Yoga Sutra of Patanjali is one Shastra. You have source, course and goal exposed.
First Pada: How to achieve Samadhi
Second Pada: How to practice that in life
Third Pada: What are the marks of the practice
Fourth Pada: What is the ultimate result?
Every time there’s a new term, Patanjali explains it and then goes further
Patanjali’s approach is from mind, psychological
200 years ago, the world was fait-orientated (religions). Then, science, the analytical took over and very little possibility of emotions or faith
The world has become mechanical, human being a machine
Patanjali’s system: balancing the rational and the emotional mind
The scientist way is reductionist: in the end, there’s nothing > < Patanjali’s system goes towards the Infinite
Nowadays science is measuring yoga and the philosophical systems too
In Sadhana Pada, first sutra Tapahsvadhyayeshvarapranidhanani kriyayogah,
TAPAH means penance, to go through a lot of troubles to modify yourself. You burn yourself in many ways to purify.
SVADHYAYA is self analysis and self-understanding where ‘I’ is not pure and how should I correct it. See how your practice which is a progress by tapah influences. Know your defects and study yourself. What is the measure? Only those who have gone the path before, know. Their information – the scriptures tell.
ISHVARA PRANIDHANA: https://annenuotio.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/narasimha-on-ishvara/
Different kind of yogas. Different yogis depending on how they feel and what they do. Unity of emotion and action:
Karma Yoga (Action) – Tapas
Jnana Yoga (Knowledge) – Svadhyaya
Bhakti Yoga (Devotion) – Ishvara
Any action always creates some dirt.
The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are one of the six darshanas of Hindu or Vedic schools and, alongside Bhagavad-Gita and Gherand Samhita, are a milestone in the history of Yoga. Yoga-Sutra are a set of aphorisms (sutras), which are short and easy to memorize. They are part of an ancient oral tradition, which means you don’t learn by reading and reasoning alone but you listen and chant. Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, which outlines the sovereign path of Raja Yoga, is composed of a total of 195 sutras or aphorisms. These sutras are structured around four padas or chapters as follows:
Samadhi Pada (51 sutras)
Sadhan Pada (55 sutras)
Vibhuti Pada (55 sutras)
Kaivalya Pada (34 sutras)
More at http://atmabodh.net/yog_sutra
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